Realization of Resistorless Lossless Positive and Negative Grounded Inductor Simulators Using Single ZC-CCCITA

This paper is in continuation with the very recent work of Prasad et al. [14], wherein new realizations of grounded and floating positive inductor simulator using current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) are reported. The focus of the paper is to provide alternate realizations of lossless, both positive and negative inductor simulators (PIS and NIS) in grounded form using z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), which can be considered as a derivative of CDTA, wherein the current differencing unit (CDU) is reduced to a current-controlled current inverting unit. We demonstrate that only a single ZC-CCCITA and one grounded capacitor are sufficient to realize grounded lossless PIS or NIS. The proposed circuits are resistorless whose parameters can be controlled through the bias currents. The workability of the proposed PIS is validated by SPICE simulations on three RLC prototypes

Study of Adjustable Gains for Control of Oscillation Frequency and Oscillation Condition in 3R-2C Oscillator

An idea of adjustable gain in order to obtain controllable features is very useful for design of tuneable oscillators. Several active elements with adjustable properties (current and voltage gain) are discussed in this paper. Three modified oscillator conceptions that are quite simple, directly electronically adjustable, providing independent control of oscillation condition and frequency were designed. Positive and negative aspects of presented method of control are discussed. Expected assumptions of adjustability are verified experimentally on one of the presented solution

Current and Voltage Conveyors in Current- and Voltage-Mode Precision Full-Wave Rectifiers

In this paper new versatile precision full-wave rectifiers using current and/or voltage conveyors as active elements and two diodes are presented. The performance of these circuit solutions is analysed and compared to the opamp based precision rectifier. To analyze the behavior of the functional blocks, the frequency dependent RMS error and DC transient value are evaluated for different values of input voltage amplitudes. Furthermore, experimental results are given that show the feasibilities of the conveyor based rectifiers superior to the corresponding operational amplifier based topology

Evaluation of a Reflection Method on an Open-Ended Coaxial Line and its Use in Dielectric Measurements

This paper describes a method for determining the dielectric constant of a biological tissue. A suitable way to make a dielectric measurement that is nondestructive and noninvasive for the biological substance and broadband at the frequency range of the network analyzer is to use a reflection method on an open ended coaxial line. A coaxial probe in the frequency range of the network analyzer from 17 MHz to 2 GHz is under investigation and also a calibration technique and the behavior of discrete elements in an equivalent circuit of an open ended coaxial line. Information about the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient on the interface between a biological tissue sample and a measurement probe is modeled with the aid of an electromagnetic field simulator. The numerical modeling is compared with real measurements, and a comparison is presented.

High-Order Lowpass Filters Using DVCC Elements

Special cells using a differential voltage current conveyor are presented. The use of these cells for high-order lowpass filter design is described. The filters can be designed to operate in different modes

Long-term development of reservoir ecosystems - changes in pelagic food webs and their microbial component

Reservoirs differ from lakes mostly in three aspects: (i) water residence times usually are not longer than several months, (ii) horizontal heterogeneity induced by the inflowing river water is more pronounced, and (iii) they are historically much younger than lakes. As a consequence, seasonal and long-term dynamics of pelagic food webs reflect the changes in the catchment and hydrological variations more significantly than in lakes, and an ageing and "maturing" of the reservoir ecosystem might affect the pelagic biomass even several decades after filling. Using long-term data sets on pelagic biomass components from canyonshaped reservoirs of different residence time, the following topics are discussed: (1) changes of pelagic bacteria-phytoplankton - zooplankton abundances during ageing as well as longitudinal changes from the river inflow dowstream to the lacustrine part of a reservoir, (2) long-term changes of pelagic bacteria-phytoplankton-zooplankton abundances and seasonal changes of microbial loop in two reservoirs of different residence times. Periods with relative prevalence of bacterial above zooplankton biomass were detected, mostly coinciding with (or following after) the periods with low phytoplankton to zooplankton ratios.Los embalses difieren de los lagos principalmente en tres aspectos: (i) el tiempo de residencia del agua no suele ser superior a varios meses, (ii) la heterogeneidad horizontal inducida por la entrada de agua fluvial es más marcada, y (iii) son históricamente mucho más jóvenes que los lagos. Como consecuencia de todo ello, las dinámicas estacional y a largo plazo de las redes tróficas pelágicas reflejan los cambios en la cuenca y las variaciones hidrológicas más significativamente que en los lagos, y el envejecimiento y "madurez" del ecosistema del embalse podría afectar a la biomasa pelágica incluso varias décadas después de su llenado. Mediante el análisis de largas series de datos sobre la biomasa de componentes pelágicos en embalses con sección en forma de cañón y diferentes tiempos de residencia, se discuten los siguientes aspectos: (1) cambios en las abundancias de bacterias-fitoplancton-zooplancton pelágicos durante el envejecimiento del embalse, así como cambios longitudinales desde la entrada de los ríos hasta la zona lacustre del embalse, (2) cambios a largo plazo en las abundancias de bacterias-fitoplancton-zooplancton pelágicos y cambios estacionales del bucle microbiano en dos embalses con diferentes tiempos de residencia. Se detectaron períodos con un predominio relativo de la biomasa bacteriana sobre la biomasa de zooplancton, coincidiendo principalmente con (o justamente después de) los períodos con bajas relaciones fitoplancton / zooplancton

Current Gain Controlled CCTA and its Application in Quadrature Oscillator and Direct Frequency Modulator

A modified conception of adjustable current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) and its interesting application in simple quadrature oscillator expandable for direct frequency modulation purposes, employing only four grounded passive elements is presented in this paper. It is quite simple solution for modern communication subsystem components. An electronic adjusting of the oscillation frequency is easily possible and control of condition of the oscillation is realized via only one grounded resistor. The characteristic equation, condition of oscillation and major parasitic influences of real active part are discussed. The verification includes PSpice simulation and measurement with the CCTA block formed by commercially available active elements

Current-Mode Dual-Phase Precision Full-Wave Rectifier Using Current-Mode Two-Cell Winner-Takes-All (WTA) Circuit

In addition to the recently proposed full-wave rectifier by Prommee et al. using voltage-mode (VM)two-cell winner-takes-all (WTA) circuit, we present current-mode (CM) precision full-wave rectifier using CM two-cell WTA circuit. The popular Lazzaro’s CM WTA circuit has been employed for the purpose and there is no requirement of inverting the input signal. Also, dual complimentary phases of the output current signal are available from high-output impedance terminals for explicit utilization. As compared to many recently proposed CM rectifiers using complex active devices, e.g. dual-X current conveyor or universal voltage conveyor, our circuit is very compact and requires a total of 21 transistors. SPICE simulation results of the circuit implemented using 0.35 um TSMC CMOS technology are provided which verify the workability of the proposed circuit

Adaptive multi-agent system for a washing machine production line

This paper describes the implementation of a multi-agent system in a real industrial washing machine production line aiming to integrate process and quality control, allowing the establishment of feedback control loops to support adaptation facing condition changes. For this purpose, the agent-based solution was implemented using the JADE framework, being the shared knowledge structured using a proper ontology, edited and validated in Protégé and posteriorly integrated in the multi-agent system. The solution was intensively tested using historical real production data and it is now being installed in the real production line. The preliminary results confirm the initial expectations in terms of improvement of process performance and product quality